Monday, May 29, 2006

The Fanaa controversy


24.05.06

The news item “Fanaa not to be screened in Gujarat” is disturbing. How would it not be when you consider that this is because of Aamir Khan’s position on the Narmada dam. In a democratic country we are all entitled to our opinions and its espousal. How can anyone be punished for it? It is all the more irritating because it is Bharathiya Yuva Morcha that is against Aamir Khan. Why does a Sangha connected organisation want to come out as a champion of a dam? Sangha’s political organisations should be concerned only about the politics of Sangha – working for Hindu nationalism. What has building or not building of a dam got to do with Hindu nationalism? Hindu nationalism is simply ensuring that India’s citizens are united and inspired by the ancient Indian vision of ‘ekam sat vipraha bahudha vadanti’, that is, that as a nation we have a philosophy of live and let live. Dams and such developmental works are to be left to the experts and the government has only to see to it that support or opposition to it must go by constitutional propriety and national infrastructure development interests. If the BJP government or BJP as a party is for any dam or any particular developmental activity, that's fine. But there is no need to whip frenzy on such things. For infrastructure has to be pursued in a pragmatic manner, not an emotional one. Remember, we are not to be emotional on things material. Emotion (of the refined variety, of course) has to be a matter of the spiritual realm - bakthi.

This incident proves yet again that Sangha has to take a stock-taking of its parivar organisations and ensure that they inculcate the Sangha spirit in full and display it in their chosen fields of action.

Ban-on-conversion bill


24.05.06

Ban-on-conversion bill.

Why are religious conversions sought to be banned? Is it wrong for a person to move from one religion to another? Definitely not, particularly in India where all these freedoms exist. Then what right has a government to ban conversions? No right, really. But there is another aspect. Why should anyone ask a person to change his religion? Maybe a genuine believe that he has the answer and the others are grouping in the dark. Change your religion, lead a new life and you shall be saved. Can’t these things happen under any religious dispensation? The Christians and Muslims would say no, but the Hindus would say an emphatic yes. From the Hindu point of view, the problem is not in the religion, but in the living of it. Therefore, be a preacher who would offer men the religion of his choice, but choose, this preacher would say.

Thus, the whole issue boils down to there being a culture that celebrates the various ways to God. Hindu culture is such a culture. Christianity and Islam on the other hand do not give freedom of religion as an option. They simply do not believe that any religion other than their religion is true. So there is no irony in the ban-on-conversions bill being called ‘freedom of religion bill’. What is being sought is a ban on conversions to a Christianity or rather a Churchianity (as well as Islam) which does not believe in the freedom of religions. In practice this means that all Indians still have the choice to live by the religion they prefer, because this has been the freedom guaranteed to them by virtue of India’s culture being overwhelmingly shaped by India’s Hindu traditions. But it does not encourage the seeking of converts by a Christianity or Islam that claims that all other religions are false. A quibbling over definitions, you might say. But it is a difference that makes all the difference – the difference between a throbbing multi-religious culture and a placid uni-religious culture.

We might say that the ban-on-conversion bill is to safeguard India from slipping into a Saudi Arabia type uni-religious regime.

Tuesday, May 23, 2006

Hussain and the Hindu nudes

23.05.06

I see Hussain’s paintings of Hindu Goddesses in the nude as an artistic and philosophic depiction of a subject (the subject of divinity) that has innumerable facets and each and every facet revealed by an artist or a philosopher would only help to take our consciousness further into the depths and sweep of spirituality. When the art is from an artist of Hussain’s proven calibre, we need to strive to see the merit in it rather than doubting his motives. Who else can open our eyes to the higher dimensions except the sages of our age? Being liberal, I would say Hussain is a sage, at least of sorts!

Having said this much, I understand why Hindus are angry with Hussain’s depiction. Hindus, being Hindus, cannot stand narrow mindedness and they have seen the practitioners of Islam exhibiting much narrow-mindedness for some time now (from the creation of Pakistan to the fight for Kashmir; from the stubborn refusal to allow a Ram temple at Ram’s birthplace to the numerous terrorist operations all over India against symbols of Indian nationhood) and in such a light, Hussain has been overshadowed and caught in the cross-fire of a Hindu response to Islamic fanaticism. Thus, Hussain is more a victim of Islamic terrorism. However, when Hindus finally triumph over Islamic terrorism, then Hussain will be seen in a new light and we would be able to appreciate his depiction of Hindu goddesses in the nude.

Monday, May 22, 2006

Stock market


22.05.06

Stock market.

Quite historic roller-coaster times these, what with the stock market losing over a thousand points, bouncing back and loosing half as much again, all in a matter of hours. I must confess that I am an ignoramuses in matters concerning the stock exchange, but I do feel it’s improper if this economic instrument is used or treated as a means of gambling by its participants.

Saturday, May 20, 2006

Pramod Mahajan’s replacement.

20.05.2006

The press speculation about the Mahajan replacement BJP would come up with is a wee bit mischievous. The talk of his son Rahul being brought in or Varun being enlisted is the type of speculation that a RSS powered BJP should do without. We need to have leaders come up the ranks. We must ensure that each and every BJP leader is a swayamsevak who has finished 3rd year OTC and has been a pracharak for at least 4 years. How can anyone understand the Sangha (particularly if he is going to be a political leader through BJP) unless he has been baptized in it? Without understanding Sangha, how would he be in a position to take BJP in the right direction? Whether it is Varun or Rahul, so long as they have not had their initiation in the RSS, they should not be considered for any leading role in the BJP. Why is such a policy difficult to implement? The BJP cannot afford to think just from election to election if it is to be a moral force in Indian politics. It has to think in terms of moulding the coming generations.

As far a BJP membership is concerned, I think it should be open only to those who are swayamsevaks. If it is objected to because membership of a political party ought to be open to all citizens, we can point out that all Indians are eligible to become swayamsevaks. We should insist that all Indians should be swayamsevaks (a volunteer to upholding nationalism) and membership to BJP should be restricted to swayamsevaks as the BJP has to be moulded into a political instrument of Nationalism.

I must add here that this idea that each political party should be open to all Indians to be members is unfair. The political party should be given the freedom to choose the type of politics it wants to pursue (subject of course to the constitutional propriety) and the type of members it wants. How can anyone command a party unless he has a party of his choice? How can any general command an army unless he has an army that is loyal to him?

Friday, May 19, 2006

Love and Duty


23.11.04

Value is one thing and love is another. Patriotism is one thing and love is another. If my son goes against the nation’s interest and if I have to kill him on that account I would certainly do so. But would my love for him be any less therefore?

Advani-Gauri scandal


23.11.04


Now it’s the Advani-Gauri scandal. While a murder charge can either be proved or disproved and the accused is either punished or is set free unconditionally and that would be the end of the case, a charge of moral turpitude, however convincingly defended, would inevitably leave a residue of suspicion. Verily it is a case of giving a dog a bad name and hanging it.

Overeating


23.11.04
Overeating

That’s what I am doing and I want to stop it. There is nothing else I can do except summon my will power. Its either that or bust.

Tragedy on the playing field

07.12.04.

The goalkeeper Subrato Paul should be charged for murder of ‘Junior’, the poor Brazilian football player whom he punched and killed. It should be a lesson for all sportsmen not to play foul.

Wants - individual and social

16.12.04

There are individuals. Then there are individual wants. The problem arises because individuals’ wants overlap. When individuals’ wants overlap, the only way to avoid ‘war’ is to regulate individuals’ wants so that there is no overlapping. This task is the cause of the genesis, evolution and universalisation of the most inevitable entity of society – the government. Types of government may differ but their purpose is the same – streamlining individual rights so that they don’t overlap and be the cause for ‘war’. Government duties, thereby, are basically two – one, to lay down the law that ensures optimum harmony in society and two, to enforce those laws. We can say, therefore, that the most basic job of a government is to lay down laws to ensure harmony in society. To ensure harmony in society, these laws must necessarily be based on justice. Justice for all and prejudice towards none.

Because there is more than one individual in the world, a non-trespass mechanism has necessarily to be put in place. But if we are to understand anything about the justice of such a mechanism, we need first and foremost to understand the nature of the individual. And the best way to start studying the individual is to study oneself. This science of studying oneself is the well-known art of meditation, which leads to the greatest of man’s legacy – spiritualism. We of course, living millenniums after the first men walked on earth, have the benefit of mankind’s collective wisdom down the ages as our heritage and do not have to invent the wheel again. History has really to be the study of the wisdom - and follies - of the ages so that we can progress from wherever our forefathers reached. (Unfortunately today the teaching of history is often a means of spreading preconceived ideologies.) In fact the collective wisdom of the human race has to be collected, collated and taught to the succeeding generations so that humans progress on sanely lines. Man needs an overseeing body for this most important of man’s enterprise. This body is the sum-total of man’s educational institutions. And how elaborately have the subjects of education been taught over the generations – history, geography, science, maths, the languages, medical, engineering etc. etc.

What are our problems today? Largely, it is individual restlessness. It is this restlessness that is causing social tensions. A spiritual legacy already exists that tackles individual restlessness. This is to be found in the meditation technologies of the Hindu/Buddhist schools of India. Why aren’t the majority of men not turning to and benefiting from these meditation technologies? For an answer to this question, we have again to turn to a study of the nature of man? Even here, we have the legacy of the Hindu scriptures which talk of men being satvic, rajasik, tamasic and all that.

I say, are we being wrong with reality if we ask for a world of harmony where all men are angelic creatures? In other words, that all men are broad minded? But alas, the world is full of narrow minded men also and it appears such men will always be with us and wise men learns to live among them.

The question is, why hasn’t God made the world a paradise of angles? There would not have been evil men if He had not wanted them? So the question is, what is His plan?

Anon


Let’s take an individual. Let’s call him Anon. Anon is a good man. He does not cause anyone any trouble or problem. But unless Anon ‘contributes’ to society, is society going to call him anything but an idiot? An idiot is not an evil person but a fool. And in society’s estimate a person who does not ‘contribute’ anything is a fool. So poor Anon. Society eggs him on to produce and prove his worth. The poor fellow becomes restless in order to prove himself. Anons have to be asked to be comfortable being themselves!

Two titans fall


At precisely the same time, two titans of India, one spiritual and another material, were scoring self goals. The Shankaracharya confessed and brought down the Mutt and the Ambanis split and brought down the company! While in truth there was neither a confession or a split, the damage is done and the consequences would work as if there was a confession and a split. Yet, the spiritual man and the material man being at different stages of evolution, the Shankaracharya might recover but not the Ambanies! In fact, the Shankarcharya did not become the victim his detractors evidently wanted him to be by not falling into their trap whereas the Ambanies have fallen for the trap the _____ trap of the press.

Actually, the Ambanis scored a self-goal whereas the Shankaracharya had to concede a foul goal. Now the courts have to give the Shankaracharya at least a free-kick, if not a penalty, to send the opposition crashing.

Kamala Das

17.12.04

A mark of great writing is that the reader would feel writing is an easy task that even he can do. On this basis, it can surely be said that Kamala Das is a great writer. How effortlessly has she written ‘My Story’. I wonder whether she would one day write about her conversion to Islam. I, for one, would eagerly look forward to such a publication.

Bazee dot com

21.12.04

I don’t think Bazee dot com chief should have been arrested. It seems to be the case of ‘arrest whom you can get if you can’t arrest whom you want’. He could have been questioned, of course. But get the chap who was actually responsible for the affair. Of course, the chief could have been arrested if he had laid down the policy to such pornography deals.

Great guns, Manmohan - no foreign aid required.

04.01.05

I think Manmohan Singh’s decision not to permit foreign aid workers into Tsunami hit areas, especially into Andaman & Nicobar islands, is a good decision. We have a huge population. Can’t we organise ourselves during such situations? The foreign chappies are likely to mess around with Indian efforts. We can allow them in on specific projects cleared and monitored by our Government. No open door policy here. Good show, Man. Now, what about that ‘foreign’ leader?

Incitation and Traitorism - the fallout of the Mohammad cartoons

The following is a petition by Muslim leaders of Denmark to fellow Muslims in the Middle-East seeking to incite them against the Cartoons of Mohammed. A fine example of being disloyal to one's own country for a higher cause! My comments are in [red].
In the name of God the merciful
Thanks to God, the ruler of the worlds, and may peace be with the last prophet, etc....
We, Muslims living in the kingdom of Denmark, we present our conditions in this country, which is situated in the northern part of Europe, and is one of the Scandinavian countries, to whom it may concern and to each and every Muslim.
This country has it own language. The rule is constitutional Monarchy. The country consists of a number of islands, the capital is Copenhagen, the number of citizens is 5 million and most of them are Protestants (Christian). Even though they belong to the Christian faith, secularization has overcome them, and if you say that they are all infidels [to be secular means to be an infidel!], then you are not wrong.
Muslim immigrants (Turks) and refugees from countries crushed by wars (Bosnia, Somalia, Iraq, Lebanon) have migrated to this country, and thus is Denmark’s interaction with foreigners, and especially those who have other religions, something rather new, which has happened in the past 20-30 years, well knowing, the number of Muslims is possibly 170,000.
The faithful in their religion (Muslims) suffer under a number of circumstances, first and foremost the lack of official recognition of the Islamic faith [they require that the Islamic faith be recognised, all in its pomp and glory, while Muslim states do not do that with other religions.]. This has lead to a lot of problems, especially the lack of the right to build mosques, [no right to build Churches in Muslim countries] so they (Muslims) have had to convert old businesses and storage areas to places of worship.
Among these conditions you find an atmosphere, which nourishes a growing racism, the expression of which grew worse after the 9/11 incidents. And it (the racism) has many different expressions, but common to them all is that they speak badly about Islam [what appreciation have Muslims of freedom of speech?]. (Sometimes there is talk of the veil, circumcising, or about the sicknesses caused by the prayer etc.)
The crown of these acts are the pictures and so-called drawings which show the prophet (PBUH) in a disgusting and outrageous way [you mean ‘depicting’ the prophet, as you can’t show someone who has not been historically seen]. The circumstances of this case is, that after many artists, out of fear of Muslim reactions [speaks of the reputation the Muslims have of being an intolerent lot], declined to draw the prophet for the cover of a book about Islam, this made the responsible persons in Jyllands-Posten resist the artists' reluctance to this task, and in the wish to challenge the feelings of Muslims, they used freedom of speech as basis in the so-called democracy, and took over this task, and took it on their shoulders. The paper wrote to 40 cartoonists and challenged them to compete about the best drawing. Most of them did not respond, and only 12 did. Next they (the paper) published these drawings (the edition from 30 September 2005). The pictures were accompanied by the editor's commentary, which in short was that Muslims should accept this kind of satire, since this is one of the cornerstones in democracy, which ensures freedom of speech [This is good advice to Muslims, sort of educating them to the values of a free and democratic society.]. They (Muslims) are consequently required not to be offended by this, like all others (also) subject to ridicule.
Because of the seriousness of the situation, most Muslim unions and centers called for a meeting on Sunday 2 October, and agreed upon a number of measures to counter this hard attack, which had the intention of degrading the most glorious of persons in life (the Prophet, PBUH).
The gathered agreed on forming a committee for support of the prophet Mohammad (PBUH) and appoint Sheikh Rais Huleihil to chairman of the committee.
The criticism of what had been said in the paper, was represented by a statement of one of the wise (theologians), which was translated to Danish, but they only communicated a few scattered fragments of it.
(continued from previous page) (This translation is based on a secondary translation through Danish. A better translation is needed)
A call to Muslims to participate in addressing the newspaper, each in his own way, and to the media at hand, to tell them that this cause represents a red line for all Muslims, and not only the wise.
A direct demand for an apology from the newspaper, and a promise that this never happens again, and in the future (the newspaper) will respect what is holy to the Muslims.
A collection of signatures among Muslims against the newspaper's actions on one side. And furthermore for support of the initiatives of the Muslim unions to counterattack this and similar attacks.
A dispatch of letters to political persons and the active political parties, to inform them of the seriousness of the situation, and win their support.
Contact local and global media, especially since they've ignored the issue so far.
When we did not get any response from the responsible persons at the paper, and after the (Danish) Prime Minister deliberately ignored the wish of the Islamic ambassadors for a meeting with him, we called for a second meeting on 9 October 2005, from which a statement was issued to local and global media.
After the al-Djazira network had broadcasted this news, the newspaper stepped up the conflict by assigning a special corner of its webpage, with the headline "The images of the prophet". The newspaper wrote, very unusually, an article in Arabic with the headline "The free word", and presented what al-Djazira had broadcasted, but insisted on its (own) standpoint, and increased the number of pages covering this subject, and so those supporting the newspaper could take part, given that they presented the case freedom versus repression.
Among the noteworthy developments is the support of the European Union to the position of the Danish Prime Minster about not meeting the Muslim ambassadors, since he will not interfere in what their laws guarantee as freedom of expression, such as required (by the ambassadors).
With this foundation, the Islamic organizations issued a second statement, which demanded the intervention of the Muslim world, now that the issue had become international, and because issues relating to the Prophet (PBUH) not only relate to Danish Muslims, but to Muslims around the world, because it can not be allowed if we accept an insult of our prophet, no matter the slogan or excuse.
The case was dealt with at head-of-state level in Muslim world, and these clearly referred to the topic of the concluding statement.
Several conditions increased our pain and torment:
1. The ridicule of Islam and its followers has become an easily distributed commodity, when an almost extinct newspaper published images stronger and more offending on 11 November, probably to regain its popularity; this paper is "Weekendavisen".
2. Muslims received during this period of time - most notably those taking part in the actual protest against the images - letters whose tone differed between direct threats and mockery of Islam itself through attacks on the Qu'ran, when these people claimed that it was a fabrication, and they took part in the attack on the Prophet (PBUH) by sending animated images, that were stronger and fiercer, and which come from a deep hatred of Islam as a religion.
3. Denmark received the Dutch author of Somali decent, who is the author of the film that degrades Islam, and whose producer was killed recently in Holland. The reception for her was consequently a continuation of the confrontation, particularly since she gave an interview to Danish television in which she talked about Islam in a degrading way. And the strange thing is, that the Prime Minister, who had rejected meeting with the ambassadors, received her and presented her with an award, like he stated that he appreciated her brave position and her free opinions. So now you see how it is...
(continued from previous page) This is why the organizations again called an urgent meeting, in which it was decided to create delegations, who could visit the Islamic world with the intent of informing them about the danger of the situation and make them take part in the defense and support of our prophet (PBUH).
Our delegations visited the Republic of Egypt, and held a number of good and very positive meetings:
A meeting with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, whose minister stated to the press, that this insult of Islam from the Danish press was a scandal, and promised to take up the matter at the Islamic Conference and with the Arab League.
A meeting with the general secretary for the Arabic League, which was characterized by much support.
A meeting with the sheik of al-Azhar, who reacted to the issue, and demanded an urgent meeting at the al-Azhar research center, to stop this attack.
A meeting with Egypt's Grand Mufti, resulting in the issuing of a fatwa about boycotting Denmark, if the country did not retract this outrageous action.
A representative of the delegation attended the meeting at the research center on Thursday 8 December 2005, which resulted in a declaration clearly condemning this act, which was described as an attack breaking all limits for acceptable communication and good tone in the dialogue. This declaration made it clear, that they would turn to the relevant committees of the United Nations and to human rights organizations, in the defense of the rights of the individual, and the protection of cultural diversity, by so doing, they reject the culture of hatred and the demise of other people.
Ultimately, we call for everyone eager and vigilant [the word can also mean careful, translator's note] to join the defense and support of the prophet. Seeking by all means available to establish legislation, which guarantees respect for everything holy and particularly for Muslim holy places at a time when it has become easy to hit these holy places in the guise of the fight against terror.
[edit]
Page 5, Photocopy from Jyllands-Posten, 30 September 2005


Page 5
Translation from Danish:
(left side): "The Many Faces of Muhammad. Morgenavisen Jyllands-Posten has asked members of the Danish association of newspaper cartoonists to draw Muhammad as they see him. 12 out of 40 replied, and we are printing them under their own names".
(Right side): "The modern secular society is rejected by some Muslims. They demand a special position, when they insist that special care is taken not to offend their own religious feelings. This is incompatible with a secular democracy and freedom of expression, where one must be prepared to face scorn or ridicule".
[edit]
Pages 6 and 7, Jyllands-Posten editorial (30 September 2005) / article (29 September 2005)
Jyllands-Posten editorial from the day the cartoons were published, 30 September 2005.


Page 6
The Threat from the Dark
The Muslims that represent the broad image of Islam in public - hopefully there is a large, silent and more reasonable majority - but the Muslims that do represent Islam in public have one common characteristic: a gigantic feeling of their own importance. [the first line is poorly written in Danish as well, translator's note].
Such a pompousness leads to an almost morbid hypersensitivity towards any kind of opposition, which is presented as a provocation.
A provocation against one of these pompous imams or mad mullahs is immediately presented as a provocation towards the Holy Book, the Qu'ran, and then the trouble [really] begins.
This is when the Islamic spiritual leaders start crying out and, as a consequence, a host of spiritually less knowledgeable persons [non-theologians] immediately feel they have an obligation to follow what is presented as the teachings of the prophet, and ultimately murder the offenders.
As described in this day's edition of the Culture Section, the latest example of the intimidation from representatives of a dark and violence-marked Middle Age is a leading art gallery removing a work of art, fearing that it might offend Muslims. Translators of books critical to Islam choose to remain anonymous, fearing that they might offend Muslims. Danish illustrators reject illustrating a book about Islam, fearing that they might offend Muslims. A comedian states in public that he dare not make fun of the Qu'ran on television; he is afraid of offending Muslims. And so on ...
It would be nice to cast this fear aside as foolishness and paranoia, but a Dutch moviemaker has been murdered because he offended Muslims. A Copenhagen professor has been beaten up by no-good students, because he read aloud [to them] from the Qu'ran, and his students considered this to be a grave provocation. [The professor is non-Muslim. Translator's note.] That was why these lunatics believed that they had the right to beat him up and intimidate him.
Around the world, satire is made in movies, on the stage, and in books, but no-one dares make fun of Islam. That's because a bunch of imams and mullahs, who feel that they [hold the key to] interpreting the words of the Prophet, do not tolerate the insult it is to be mocked by intelligent satire.
Participants [a number of these imams] in the Prime Minister's recent meeting at [his residence] Marienborg, recently made a public demand that the PM should impose censorship of the press and outlaw everything which could be considered to offend Islam.
The Western societies, still dominated by a politically correct fear of confrontation with these voices from a Dark Age, is at increasing pains to find new excuses and explanations [for the situation].
The most disturbing part of this situation is that we are even being forced to discuss a world view that we in the West left during the Age of Enlightenment.
This country's Muslim spiritual guides use a lot of words trying to talk about something else when they are confronted with e.g. violent Islamic rhetoric.
When this happens, it [the rhetoric] suddenly has no meaning at all in a modern society. [Now] we [suddenly] have to see this in a historical context, which naturally has no relevancy at all in today's Denmark; and they point out that Islam is a religion of love and understanding.
If one asks a more direct question regarding those passages in the Qu'ran, which now [apparently] have more or less obscure meanings, they [the imams] become faint and unclear in their speech. And they keep repeating that the Qu'ran is the Prophet's Word and must be read literally in all respects.
The fact that the Prophet has only expressed himself verbally, and that the written sources were written by second, third, or even fourth hand sources generations later, is of no importance to a clergy, profiling itself by its monopoly of the interpretation [of the Qu'ran].
It would be a blessing if the great majority of Muslims, whose highest wish must be to live in peace and harmony with their neighbors, would eventually start opposing this stubborn clinging on to a dark past.


Page 7
Article by Flemming Rose, Jyllands-Posten 29 September 2005 (the day before the cartoons were published). (page 7, bottom):
Freedom of Speech.
Comedian Frank Hvam recently declared that he "dare not make fun of the Qu'ran on television". A cartoonist, whose job is to depict the prophet Muhammad in a children's book, wishes to remain anonymous. So do West European translators of a collection of essays critical of Islam.
A leading museum of art removes a work of art fearing how Muslims may react. In this season, [Danish] theaters show three different plays with biting satire towards the US president, George W. Bush, but not a single one about Osama bin Laden and his allies, and during a meeting with Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen, an imam urged the government to take action against Danish media and force them to present a more positive image of Islam. The examples mentioned above are calls for concern, whether the perceived fear rests on a false basis or not. The fact is that it exists, and it leads to self-censorship. An intimidation of the public space takes place. Artists, writers, cartoonists, translators, and theatre people consequently avoid dealing with the most important meeting of cultures in our time, between Islam and the secular, Western societies rooted in Christianity.
Ridicule
The modern secular society is rejected by some Muslims. They demand a special position, when they insist that special care is taken to protect their own religious feelings. This is incompatible with a secular democracy and freedom of expression, in which everybody must be ready to face scorn, ridicule, and humiliation. It is certainly not always sympathetic or nice to look at, and it does not mean that religious feelings should be ridiculed, no matter the cost. But this is a minor point in this case.
It is consequently not a coincidence that people in totalitarian societies are thrown in jail for telling jokes or depicting dictators in a critical way. This usually happens with the excuse that the work offends the feelings of the people. Denmark has still not gone this far, but the examples mentioned above show that we're heading towards a slippery slope, where no one can predict what the result will be of this self-censorship.
Twelve cartoonists
For this reason, Jyllands-Posten has urged members of the Association of Danish Cartoonists to draw Muhammad as they see him. Twelve out of around 40 replied and we're bringing their cartoons here on this page, under their own names. They are: Arne Sørensen, Poul Erik Poulsen (PEP), Rasmus Sand Høyer, Erik Abild Sørensen, Franz Füchsel, Peder Bundgaard, Bob Katzenelson, Annette Carlsen, Lars Refn, Jens Julius Hansen, Claus Seidel, and Kurt Westergaard.
Only 25 out of the 40 are actively working in their profession, and some of the others are subject to a clause in their contracts forbidding them to work for competitors. A few have argued for why they rejected this task, others have said that a large workload is the cause for not joining, while others have not replied at all.
[edit]
Page 8 and 9, Letter from Sheikh Raeed Hlayhel


Page 8


Page 9
Translation from Arabic:
[edit]
Pages 10-17, Photocopies of 11 of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons


Page 10


Page 11


Page 12


Page 13


Page 14


Page 15


Page 16


Page 17
Further information: Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy
Photocopies of 11 of the 12 Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons. The image missing shows Muhammad with a sable - his eyes blacked out - accompanied by two women dressed in Muslim clothes. This image is already on page 5 of the dossier.
[edit]
Page 18, Letter to Ambassadors from the Islamisk Trossamfund


Page 18
(This translation is based on a second-hand translation from the Danish translation published in "Ekstra Bladet". [11] A better translation is needed) Letterhead: Islamic Society of Scandinavia. Fundamental services for immigrants.
Date: XX(blank) October 2005, Copenhagen
To: His Excellence (blank) ambassador of the country (blank)
In the name of God the merciful
God's peace and blessings ...
Regarding caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
On behalf of our (Muslim) population segment, we seek to inform you that, during the end of September 2005, Jyllands-Posten - which is the Danish newspaper with the biggest circulation - published fantasy drawings of the person of the Prophet (PBUH) in the newspaper's culture section (a copy of the article is enclosed.)
This happened in connection with the promotion of a book, which has recently been published, and which contains these inappropriate cartoons, which are most strongly rejected by Islamic Shari'a laws, likewise its rejection of attacks on Islamic sanctuaries.
The newspaper attempts to utilize the tense situation in the world, and the campaigns to fight terrorism to limit the circulation of Muslim opinions and to make these abstain from protesting, out of fear that they (Muslims) be attributed opposition to democracy and calls for terror, in the case when a sharp reaction might occur.
A great assembly of Islamic unions and centers have communicated with each other and agreed to take a number of steps, on level with the importance of this event, and appropriate for our meager resources in a context in which the press enjoys unlimited freedom to speak about Islam and Muslims as it sees fit.
It is in this situation, that we turn to the diplomatic delegations in Denmark, representing the Islamic countries in Denmark to the Danish government; we urge them to communicate this account of the regrettable situation and this population segment's indignation and irritation to their governments and to the relevant authorities in their countries with the needed haste, to at least express their protests, and likewise - such that the relationship between Islam and the West does not continue into a dark tunnel with no end and not serving any cause - while the negative obstacles increase for all parties.
We hope that this important question may receive what it deserves of your attention. Receive our thanks and respect. God's peace.
On behalf of the coordination committee
[edit]
Pages 19-20, Letter to ministers/organization from the Islamisk Trossamfund


Page 19


Page 20
(This translation is based on a second-hand translation from the Danish translation published in "Ekstra Bladet". [12] A better translation is needed)
Letterhead: Islamic Society of Scandinavia. Fundamental services for immigrants.
Date: XX(blank) October 2005, Copenhagen
To: (blank) minister/head of/organization
Regarding the fantasy drawings of the Prophet of Islam - Newspaper Jyllands-Posten - September 2005.
The Muslim population segment in Denmark sees no other course than presenting our protests to those responsible and to the relevant authorities regarding the publication of a collection of inappropriate caricatures of the person of Islam's Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) by the newspaper Jyllands-Posten, since everybody knows that the Muslim peoples still adhere to the sanctity and insist on it for both God and for His Book, the Qu'ran, and for its messenger Muhammad (PBUH) despite of the world encompassing distribution of secular forms of political government.
We call your attention to this case, and places it in your hands, in such a way that we together may think and have an objective dialogue regarding how an appropriate exit can be found for these crises in a way which does not violate the freedom of speech, but which at the same time likewise does not offend the feelings of Muslims either. In this context, (we) note the following:
1 - Muslim immigrants came voluntarily to this country and enjoyed its excellent services/facilities, and they know of the country's secular foundation and its democratic values, and they live with this reality in the best of ways. In the same way, they sought and received citizenship completely by their own free request.
2 - Muslims are eager to integrate in this society and they take every opportunity in word and deed to stress this eagerness within the official frame of cultural diversity, peaceful co-existence, and mutual respect. This is why it is difficult for Muslims to understand or accept any form of behavior, which can obstruct or damage the question of integration, no matter the source of this behavior.
3 - The legal and political understanding of the intellectual immigrants, make them appreciate the public and civil liberties such as the freedom of religion and freedom of speech, but in a way which is appropriate for the level of development of civilization in the western countries, and which likewise secures the permanence of order and good manners. Precedents illustrate this such as the episode in which the European Union pressured Austria into rejecting the inclusion of Jörn Haider's political party in its cabinet; like it is seen in the recent actions by the British government which warns Muslim preachers of as much as commending any Muslim which might be associated with terror, and by this means the preachers will be held legally accountable in the form of a charge for inciting of terror.
4 - We urge you to - on the behalf of thousands of believing Muslims - to give us the opportunity of having a constructive contact with the press and particularly with the relevant decision makers, not briefly, but with a scientific methodology and a planned and long-term program seeking to make views approach each other and remove misunderstandings between the two parties involved. Since we do not wish for Muslims to be accused of being backward and narrow, likewise we do not wish for Danes to be accused of ideological arrogance either. When this relationship is back on its track, the result will bring satisfaction, an underpinning of security and the stable relations, and a flourishing Denmark for all that live here. Humanity is today faced with a large list of challenges starting with the pollution of the environment and natural disasters, and ending with the AIDS epidemic. Between these: narcotics, unemployment, organized crime etc. In these great issues, we have the opportunity of conducting a dialogue and letting minds and currents interact, and no matter how heated the dialogue is or how hard the confrontation is, the fruits of it will in all cases be for the good of all humanity.
We hope that this imitative might become the beginning of a new era and better results serving Denmark and its people. Best regards.Signed on behalf of:The Islamic Association, OdenseTabya MosqueThe Islamic Centre of Culture, CopenhagenAs-sunna MosqueIslamic Information and Guidance Centre, OdenseThe Association for Brotherhood and Equality, Ã…rhusThe Islamic Society in Scandinavia, CopenhagenThe Association for Arab Culture, Ã…rhusThe Association for Arab Culture, VejleSalaam Association, Ã…rhusThe Islamic Information Centre, OdenseThe Somali Family Association, Ã…rhusAsh-sharqiyyah Assembly, Ã…lborgThe Union of Islamic Associations of Immigrants in Denmark (mali karsh?, translator's note)The Islamic Centre of Culture, Ã…rhusThe Islamic Council of Denmark, CopenhagenThe Arabic Friendship Association, SkiveThe Association for Solidarity and Upbringing/Education, Ã…rhusThe branches of the Association of Minhaj el-Quraan in DenmarkThe Association for Childhood and Youth, Ã…lborgThe Association for Culture and Upbringing/Education, Ã…rhus
Translator's note: The names of these associations have been translated from Arabic through Danish into English. Consequently, these names may not be accurate. This list should be proofread by an expert on the subject.


Page 21
Second letter: not translated.
[edit]
Pages 22-24, Other Letters


Page 22


Page 23


Page 24
Translation:
[edit]
Page 25, Photocopy from Weekendavisen


Page 25
A satire over Jyllands-Posten's 12 cartoons, from the last (funny) page of the news paper. Detailed descriptions in the following section.
[edit]
Page 26, clipping from Weekendavisen


Page 26
Artwork of unknown origin in an Art Nouveau style, depicting a hermaphrodite with a mirror, combing his/her hair.
Translation of the Danish text: "'Do you think that you can prove that the prophet wasn't female?' it was asked as ARTYFARTY - the always strongly feminist artist group of the last page editorial board - when they handed in their contribution".
Translation of Arabic handwriting:
[edit]
Page 27, clippings from Weekendavisen


Page 27
The two pictures are from Weekendavisen, a Danish weekly published by the "Berlingske Officin" also printing the major daily "Berlingske Tidende". It is from the last page of the paper, mostly devoted to humoristic treatment of random subjects and current events.
1st picture: A photo of a white chair.
Translation from Danish caption: "'This is the prophet' goes the short nomination from our furniture designer who wanted to join in."
Translation from Arabic handwriting:
2nd picture: A photo of a Santa Claus face mask, with goggles drawn in.
Danish caption: "Santa Mohammad, 2005"
Translation from Arabic handwriting: "Father Christmas Mohammad, 2005
[edit]
Page 28, clipping from Weekendavisen


Page 28
Composition VIII by Russian abstract artist Wassily Kandinsky.
Translation from Danish caption: "Bellowing Prophet by a Forest Lake" (a pun on "Bellowing Deer by a Forest Lake", an image associated with very poor taste.)
Translation from Arabic handwriting:
[edit]
Page 29, clippings from Weekendavisen


Page 29
1st picture: A photo of an artwork of unknown origin in a style reminiscent of Dadaism, depicting half a leg, with formal trousers and shoes on, protruding horizontally from a wall.
Translation from Danish caption: "The foot of the Prophet as he ascended to Heaven"
Translation from Arabic handwriting:
2nd picture: A drawing of unknown origin. A man in formal dress behind a podium.
Translation from Danish caption: "The staff of the back page received this drawing moments before deadline from one of our editors. People say 'The similarity between leading members of the board of editors and the Prophet is simply too obvious to ignore.'"
Translation from Arabic handwriting:
[edit]
Page 30, clippings from Weekendavisen


Page 30
1st picture: Artwork of unknown origin in a style reminiscent of Cubism. Apparently a portrait.
Translation from Danish caption: "The Prophet as he saw himself"
Translation from Arabic handwriting:
2nd picture: A drawing of unknown origin. Looks like a very young child drew it. Depicts nothing readily identifiable.
Translation from Danish caption: "Mother with prophet", pun on "Mother with child".
Translation from Arabic handwriting:
[edit]
Page 31, clippings from Weekendavisen


Page 31
Clipping of a image from the same Danish newspaper (anatomical drawing, maybe from Leonardo da Vinci), with Arabic subtitle.
Translation from Danish caption: "'Interior, anno 632'. The back page editors have always brought you the latest news when it comes to gastro-art. The artist states 'I've always been extremely interested in the stomach content of prophets'."
Translation from Arabic caption:
[edit]
Page 32, clippings from Weekendavisen


Page 32
Clipping of one image from the same Danish newspaper (Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa), with Arabic subtitle. (A very obvious pun on the Da Vinci Code).
Translation from Danish caption: "For centuries, a previously unknown society has known that this is a painting of the Prophet, and guarded this secret. The back page's anonymous artist is doing everything he can to reveal this secret in his contribution. He has since then been forced to go under ground fearing for the wrath of a crazy albino imam."
Translation from Arabic caption:
[edit]
Page 33, clippings from Weekendavisen


Page 33
Beginning of the article (with the chair image mentioned above), with Arabic subtitle.
Translation from Danish text: "The courage of the back page reaches new heights: the Prophet Muhammad as our very best artists see him. In the Beard of the Prophet. The back page editors have started a competition among this newspaper's own artists' views about the prophet Muhammad. Here are some of the very best contributions. The committee of judges is a group of very prominent people, who prefer to remain anonymous. "We must fight for our values" says the committee in a joint statement. "Freedom of speech" said one of the editors (who preferred to remain anonymous)."
[edit]
Page 34, Photocopy of picture from French competition


Page 34
"Pig person" picture. Strangely enough, this picture is a copy of a Bob Edme photo of Jacques Marrot, published by the AP as part of a 15 August 2005 article about a French "pig-squealing contest" (Duo hogs top prize in pig-squealing contest)
The original picture did not refer to Mohammed, but in the dossier the caption "Here is the true image of Mohammad" had been added. According to the BBC, this image was misleadingly circulated by Danish Muslims to illustrate the atmosphere of Islamophobia which they lived under (What the Muhammad cartoons portray).
This image was not published by Jyllands-Posten as part of the original "collection" of cartoons. It was published later, when other media had revealed its inclusion in the 43p dossier detailing the position of the imams.[13][14][15]
Translation from Danish text: "Here is the true image of Mohammad"
Translation from Arabic text: "This is the true face/likeness of Mohammad"
[edit]
Page 35, Photocopy of unclear origin


Page 35
A photo of a man in a praying pose typical for Muslims. A big dog climbs straddles his back.
This image was not published by Jyllands-Posten or other Danish newspapers. Jyllands-Posten has stated that this image is offensive and publication would violate the newspaper's ethical code. [16]
Translation from Danish text: "That's why Muslims pray"
Translation from Arabic text: "That's why Muslims pray"
[edit]
Page 36, Photocopy of unclear origin


Page 36
A crude drawing of a figure with features of the devil (horns) and Islamic stereotypes (beard / pointy shoes). His genitalia are visible. In his hands he holds little human figures.
This image was not published by Jyllands-Posten or other Danish newspapers. Jyllands-Posten has stated that this image is offensive and publication would violate the newspaper's ethical code. [17]
Translation from Danish text: "The pedophile "Prophet" Mohammed."
Translation from Arabic text: ""
The word pedophile appears to be a reference to the Aisha controversy.
[edit]
Page 37, Photocopy of a letter from Bjarne Jakobsen to Shaddi Lubbad


Page 37
A letter from a Danish atheist to Shaddi Lubbad.
Translation from Danish text: "If you're a computer specialist, shouldn't you have as much sense that you can see that all that Christianity and religion is A FABRICATION. There was never any GOD or Jesus, Muhammad or Allah, Clumsy Hans and the Empreror's New Clothes [the last two are Danish fairy tales]. IT IS ALL A FAKE. In ancient times it was possible to make people believe this nonsense. That's because they were forced to take part in it. If not, they'd be hunted out of their homes. Convicted as witches or warlocks. Or beheaded in public. Like people do in the Muslim countries where people still live like they did 1,000 years ago. Repressed and denied of the right to think for themselves. And you come here and feel hurt and harassed because of a drawing. Poor little Muslim. [The following paragraph points to a picture of a fat woman in Muslim dress]. I suppose you have one of these as well, 150 kilos with a dark mustache and a voice that can shatter glass? Greetings and good wind. B.J."
Translation from Arabic text: ""
[edit]
Pages 38-42, Arabic newspaper cuttings


Page 38


Page 39


Page 40


Page 41


Page 42
Arabic translation:
Page 41 : A newspaper clipping from in Arabic Language from 12 December 2005, reprinting one Of Jyllang-Posten's cartoons.
Page 42 : A newspaper clipping from in Arabic Language from 9 December 2005, about the Danish delegation visiting Al-Azhar (Cairo)
[edit]
Pages 43, Table of contents


Page 43
Arabic translation:
[edit]
Sources
Source for the images: Extra Bladet
Another source for the complete dossier: monkeydyne.com
The following webpage (which continues to be updated - the cartoons are currently blurred) with higher-quality images has been used to distribute the dossier on Arabic-language blogs, message boards, and IRC chat rooms: Arabskole.dk.
Arabskole.dk also hosts a Powerpoint presentation with much of the same content (uncensored), along with more Arabic commentary; the Powerpoint has been edited as recently as 9 February 2006: Nusrah_2006.ppt.
Danish translations of the introductory letter, and a letter to Islamic ambassadors, and a letter to government ministers. Extra Bladet
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkari-Laban_dossier"
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Islam is an information control cult - the viewpoint I got from the internet

Islam is an information control cult!
Although in the civilized world, Islam cannot enable their information control as they do in Muslim controlled countries, there is still significant misinformation that Muslims believe about the Bible and Christianity. As you can see from the three quotes above, Muslims are forbidden to question Islamic faith, and are expected to accept its truthfulness blindly without investigation. Muhammad understood that information was the main enemy of his newly invented religion. In many Muslim controlled nations, for example, young men are paid to learn NOTHING but the Koran to the exclusion of science and history and current world events. They are told this is all they need, but in reality they are brainwashed and basic world information is deliberately withheld from them.
Although Muslims in the civilized world will claim Islam is an open religion, the fact remains that they contradict the actions of their brethren in Muslim controlled nations. In other words, actions speak louder than words! Remember, if Islam is such an open religion, why are Christians harassed and murdered in all countries where Muslims are in control of the civil governments.
Muhammad, in our opinion, spoke truth when he described the first reaction people had to his new religion:
"This [Islam] is nothing but a lie which he [Muhammad] has forged, and other have helped him do it... Fairy tales of the ancients, which he has caused to be written; and they are dictated before him morning and evening." (Surah 25:4-5)
Even Yusuf Ali, a translator of the Koran into English makes this comment:
"In their misguided arrogance they say, ‘We have heard such things before: they are pretty tales which have come down from ancient times: they are good for amusement, but who takes them seriously? The answer is that the Qur'an teaches spiritual knowledge of what is ordinarily hidden from men's sight, and such knowledge can only come from God to Whom alone is known the Mystery of the whole Creation.’" [3058-9]
The 60 most dangerous Questions for Muslims to hear:



Abu’s Answer Desk
Abu gets mad if you ask too many questions!
Muhammad said: "Allah has hated you for asking too many questions."
"The Prophet then got angry and his cheeks and face became red."
Bukhari's Hadith


60 Questions to ask Muslims Now that you know Muslims will get mad easily by asking them too many questions they don’t want to answer, we suggest the following:
-Pick one or two questions.-Be very kind in your tone.-Be patient for their answer.-Do not condescend.-Pray for them to see the truth.
Muslims claim, that a proof the Koran was from God, is that it contains scientifically accurate information about Embryology before man discovered it for himself. However, all the information in the Koran regarding Embryology is copied from three sources, 1. A Greek doctor named Galen, who lived of 150 AD. 2. A Jewish doctor named Samuel ha-Yehudi who lived 150 AD. 3. the Greek father of medicine Hippocrates who lived 400 BC. My question is: in light of the fact that all the information contained in the Koran was already in print by these three doctors, will you retract the argument on Embryology? If not, will you supply one detail revealed in the Koran about Embryology, that was not already revealed or that was new?
Muslims claim, that a proof that the Koran was from God is that it contains scientifically accurate information about Embryology, yet in 86:6-7 the Koran says, "man was created from ejected liquid- Proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs". This echoes the scientific error of Hippocrates who believed semen originates, from the brain down the spinal chord, before passing through the kidneys and finally out of the body. (Hippocratic Writings, Penguin Classics, 1983, p. 317) My question is: do you reject modern science and believe the Koran when it says sperm originates from the mid-gut section of a man's body.
Muslims quote an article written in 1957 by the Jehovah's Witnesses who stated there were 50,000 errors in the translation of the King James version. My question is: Even if this were true, (which of course it is not), how does this prove there is corruption in the original Greek MSS from which the King James version was translated?
Muslims claim, that the many different translations of the English Bible will render a single text with many different words and phrases. You said this was proof the Bible is corrupted and that the Koran reads exactly the same way everywhere in the world in Arabic. My question is: Since the many English translations of the Koran also render a single text with many different words, does that proof that the Koran is corrupted?
Muslims believe the word Allah was used by Jesus when he hung on the cross. The Bible records that Jesus said "Eli Eli lama sabachthani", but you say Jesus really cried out to Allah and said "Allah, Allah lama sabachthani" My question is: Would you please explain why you would use this argument when you don't believe Jesus ever hung on the cross? And second, since Jesus was quoting Ps 22:1 on the cross, isn't rather unlikely that both the Hebrew Old Testament and the Greek New Testament are wrong using Eli, a Hebrew word, rather than Allah, an arab word?
Muslims chide Christians because the earliest complete copies of the Bible were written 300 years after the originals of the first century. Yet Muslim scholars state the earliest copy of the Koran was written no earlier than 150 years after Muhammad died. My question is: in light of this fact, how could the Koran possibly be better than the Bible and would you please state the name and location and date of the earliest Koran you believe to be in existence?
Both the Samarqand MSS is in Tashkent, and the MSS housed in the Topkapi Museum in Istanbul are written in the script style called "Kufic". And not the earlier style known as Ma'il or Mashq. This fact is the reason Muslim scholars date these manuscripts no earlier than 200 years after Muhammad died. My question is: leaving aside blind faith and wishful thinking, what evidence do you supply that these MSS were written any earlier?
The British Museum in London has an ancient copy of the Koran written in the Ma'il style of script, but practicing Muslim scholar Martin Lings, who is the former curator for the manuscripts of the British Museum, dates this manuscript at 790 AD. My question is: Apart from just making the claim, what evidence do you supply that this MSS were written any earlier?
The text of the Koran in 37:103 reads "they had both submitted their wills (became Muslims)" while the Arabic text of the Tashkent MSS gives the exact opposite meaning, "they did not submitted their wills" (they did NOT become Muslims.) My question is: have you actually read the Tashkent MSS for yourself in this passage and how do you explain this textual variation given your comments on the miracle of the perfect Koran?
Qur’an 18:9, makes into real history, the second century myth of 7 Christian youths who were persecuted for their faith and went to sleep in a cave for 300 years and then woke up with no ill effects. In the original myth the hero is a Christian, but in the Koran the hero is a Muslim. My question is: in the absence of any copyright laws when the Koran was written, are you at least prepared to pay compensation to the living relatives of the author of this myth? If not, would you be in favor of going starting up a charity fund to compensate for damages of copyright infringement?
Koran 5:116, represents Christians as worshipping Mary which is a historical error. Given the fact that the pagan Arabs did worship Mary’s idol in the Kaba, and that history records no group of Christians had ever worshiped Mary at this time, my question is would you please name the sect of Christians who worshiped Mary at the time of Muhammad?
Muslim's reject the doctrine of inherited sin of Adam but teach the Immaculate Conception of Mary. The reason the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception was invented was to remove inherited sin. My question is: since you reject the doctrine of inherited sin and believe all men are born without sin, why do Muslim's teach the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception of Mary?
In Koran 7:125, death by crucifixion is stated to exist at the time of Moses in 1500BC. Yet Encyclopedia Britannica, in harmony with all records of history, reports that crucifixion did not exist any earlier than 500 BC. My question is: to how do you explain this blaring historical error, and do you just disregard the history of the world merely because the Karen says otherwise?
Muslim scholar, Tabbarah, said in his book, The Spirit of Islam, "Moslems do not worship the Black Stone, but only show special reverence and veneration for its dignity and they kiss it only after the example of the Prophet and to keep their Covenant with God to obey His Will and avoid His disobedience." (Tabbarah, The Spirit of Islam, p. 173, Muslim). Focusing on Tabbarah’s key phrase of showing reverence and veneration to the Black Stone, My question is do you see any difference between the Muslim practice of kissing showing reverence and venerating the Black Stone and the Catholic practice of pope John Paul II kissing the statute of the Virgin Mary with reverence and veneration?
Informed Christians know there is no passage and the Koran that says the Bible is lost altered or corrupted. My question is would you please list all the passages you know where the Qur'an says the Bible that was in the hands of the Christians at the time of Muhammad had been corrupted?
Muslims will quote Quran 2:79 as a verse where the Koran says the canon of the Bible is corrupted, "Then woe to those who write the Book with their own hands, and then say: "This is from God," to traffic with it for miserable price!" My question is: If this verse refers to the corruption of the Bible, then why did Muhammad command Christians to follow the Bible they possessed in 600 AD in Quran 2:89; 7:157? And is this the only verse in the Koran that says the Bible is corrupt? (see also Quran 2:40-42,126,136,285; 3:3,71,93; 4:47,136; 5:47-51, 69,71-72; 6:91; 10:37,94; 21:7; 29:45,46; 35:31; 46:11)
Muslims will quote Jer 8:8 as proof that the Old Testament canon is corrupt, "How can you say, ‘We are wise, And the law of the Lord is with us’? But behold, the lying pen of the scribes Has made it into a lie" Yet this verse is clearly speaking of the written scribal interpretations of the Bible as Jesus condemned in Mt 15:1-14. Here Jesus accused the Scribes of the same thing regarding washing of hands and Corban, "you invalidate the written word of God for the sake of your tradition." My question is: is this the only text in the Bible where you claim the canon was corrupted? If not quote the other texts.
How can Muslims claim there are no textual variations in the Koran, when the Tashkent MSS differs from the modern Egyptian Qur’an in 5 passages: 2:284, 2:283, 3:37, 3:109 and 5:119. The Tashkent MSS uses the word 'Allah' while the modern Egyptian Qur'an, uses the word 'huwa' (the pronoun 'he'). My question is: Which word do you believe are in the "preserved master tablet" and "mother of all books" in heaven?
The yearly Passover ritual began the same year it was initiated in the 10th plague and continued uninterrupted for 1500 years. The weekly Lord’s supper ritual began the same week that Christ was crucified and has continued ever since for 2000 years. The Islamic rituals just come out of nowhere, 2600 years after Abraham lived. Being as unbiased as you possibly can, My question is: are not the Jewish and Christian rituals more likely to be based on real history since the rituals of Islam that just pop out of nowhere 2600 years later?
The "Throw" is a reenactment ritual based upon Abraham and the "Run" is a reenactment ritual based upon Hagar. My question is: Did Adam perform the throw and the Run, and if not exactly when did they become part of Islamic ritual and do you have any actual historical evidence to support such?
Given the fact that Isaac Watt, said in his book, Islam and Christianity Today, "By the standards of modern historiography, the crucifixion of Jesus is one of the most certain events in past history" (Watt, Islam and Christianity Today, p. 144). My question is: What historical evidence do you give outside of the Qur'an that Jesus did not die on across?
If all Muslim's must reject the crucifixion of Christ based on the Koran and all Christians must reject Muhammad as a prophet based on the Bible, my question is: on exactly what basis do you believe Christianity and Islam are compatible religions?
Given the fact that the gospel of Barnabas is the 15th century forgery by Muslims, my question is: why do you quote this document as proof that early Christians denied the crucifixion of Christ and what proof do you offer that it is not a Muslim forgery?
Muslim's will quote Yusuf Ali’s comment in footnote 663, as proof that the three early Christian sects of Marcion, Docetism, Basilides, denied the crucifixion of Christ. Given the fact the three sects are condemned as false teachers, deceivers and the anti-Christ in six Bible passages (1 John 1:1,14; 2:22; 4:1-3; 5:6; 2 John 7) My question is: on what basis do you claim they are Christian sects and isn't it as much of a misrepresentation for you to quote these Gnostic sects as Christians who deny the crucifixion, as it would be a misrepresentation for Christians to quote the Baha'i faith as proof Muhammad was not the final Prophet? (The holy Qur’an, text, translation and commentary by Abdullah Yusuf Ali. 1872-1952, First published in 1938, 1973 ed., p. 230, footnote 663, commenting on 4:157)
The Koran says in 4:157, that God causes someone who looked like Jesus to die on the cross in his place, therefore tricking the apostles of Christ into thinking he was crucified. My question is: how can you escape the fact that the rise of Christianity to the largest religion in the world is ultimately the result of the divine action of Allah?
The deity of Jesus is affirmed four times in Hebrews chapter 1. Jesus Christ is called the son of God, worshiped by Angels, called God by the Father and stated to be the creator. Given the fact that you would say that this is a textual corruption of the original gospel message, my question is would you not agree that this corrupted text does indeed call Jesus God?
The Islamic religion teaches that Jesus Christ was a practicing Muslim. My question is: is this any less ridiculous than if Christians said Muhammad was a practicing Buddhist?
Muslim's claim that Isaiah 42 is a prophecy of Muhammad. Yet Isaiah 53 is one of the foremost prophecies of the crucifixion of Christ in the entire Old Testament. My question is: on what basis do you feel Isaiah 42 is uncorrupted which prophecies Muhammad, but Isaiah 53 is corrupted that prophesies the crucifixion of Christ?
My question is: If you feel the Bible is so corrupted, than why do you quote Deut 18:18 and John 16:13 as uncorrupted prophecies of Muhammad’s comment in the sixth century AD.
Acts 19:23-41 mentions a religion that worshipped the great goddess Artemis and her meteorite which fell down from heaven. Taking note that this religion centered around a meteorite, my question is: is it possible that this is a pagan corruption of the Black Stone and meteorite that fell at the foot of Adam and that at the time of Christ the Black Stone was actually in Ephesus Asia minor?
Galatians 1:6-9 Apostle Paul says "I am amazed that you are so quickly deserting Christ for a different religion. But even if an angel from heaven, should preach to you a different religion, let him be accursed." My question is: Do you think it possible that this is a genuine text from God and he foresaw that both Muhammad and Joseph Smith would be taught a new religion by an angel?
Before the discovery of the dead sea scrolls in 1947 the earliest copy of the Old Testament was the Massoretic Text dated at 1000 AD. The dead sea scrolls are dated at 100 B.C. contain 19 copies of Isaiah, 25 copies of Deuteronomy and 30 copies of Psalms that are virtually identical to what we have in our Bible's today. My question is: since you believe the Old Testament was corrupted long before the dead sea scrolls were written in 100 B.C., will you at least admit that there has been no further corruption of the Old Testament since 100 B.C. right down to the present?
In Jude 3; 2 Peter 1:3; John 16:13 and 2 Tim 3:16 the Bible is called an all sufficient book with no need for anything else in regards to how we live our lives or worship God. You claim the same thing for the Qur'an. My question is: how can the Qur'an be all sufficient in our worship of Allah, if it does not even mention something as important as praying five times a day and does this not prove that the Koran without the Hadith is like a car without an engine?
The Huleatt Manuscript was written in 50 AD and is actually a prayer addressed to Jesus and calls Jesus "God". Therefore, Christians have in their possession archeological inscriptions within 20 years of Christ’s resurrection that say he is God. My question is: Do you know of any archeological inscription dated within 100 years of Muhammad's death where he is called a prophet? If so, please name it.
The Bible contains over 60 distinct prophecies of Jesus Christ 1000 years before hand. My question is: what is the single most remarkable prophecy that Muhammad made that was fulfilled?
Muslim's believe the Bible is corrupted. Yet in Isa 40:22 and three other passages. (Prov 8:27; Amos 9:6 Job 26:10) it says the earth is round and not flat. Job 26:7 says the earth is free-floating in space: "he hangs the earth on nothing." Both these facts are scientifically accurate, and revealed in the Bible long before man discovered it for himself. My question is: Are these passages scientifically accurate corruption's?
Muslims proudly quote several passages in the Koran 30:48; 24:43, as scientifically accurate explanations of the hydrologic water cycle. My question is: given the fact the Bible had already fully documented the hydrologic water cycle 1600 before the Koran in Job 36:27-28, and 3 other passages (Eccl 11:3; Job 26:8; Eccl 1:6-7), doesn't this proof Muhammad merely copied the scientific facts of the hydrologic water cycle directly from the Bible? (Clouds hold water: Eccl 11:3; Job 26:8; Rivers recycle water: Eccl 1:6-7; Evapouration: Amos 9:6)
The 66 books of the Bible were written by 40 different men over a period of 1600 years with multiple threads of unified themes that span cover to cover. My question is: would you not agree that in contrast to the Bible, that the Qur'an is a jumble of disjointed material, without order, continuity or unity of any kind?
Muslims authorities refuse to release photographs of the ancient Topkapi manuscript in Istanbul, one of the three oldest Korans in existence. My question is: do you have any idea why Muslim authorities refuse to release documentary photographs of the Topkapi manuscript in Istanbul and what they are afraid for the world to see?
Muslims have repeatedly claimed that Muslim women have more rights in Islam then Western women do in the civilized world. The proof you supplied with the fact that Islam gave women the right to vote 1400 years ago but women in the West only got the right to vote 100 years ago. My question is: would you please name one country in the world today that is ruled by a Islamic "Shariah" law where women are permitted to vote?
Muslim's claim that their growth rate is 235 percent and 47 percent for Christianity. This statistic came from the Readers Digest Almanac and Yearbook 1983, and represents 235 percent increase over 50 years. A simple review of the readers Digest study shows that the growth rate of Islam vs. Christianity is directly linked to the birth rate in Third World countries where Islam dominates and not actual conversions to each religion. My question is: do you have any more recent statistics on an annualized basis?
Muslims claim that Jesus prayed using the Muslim prayer posture, along with all the prophets. Yet Jesus instructed his disciples to pray while standing up. (Mark 11:25), King David prayed while sitting in (2 Sam 7:18), and Paul instructed prayer in church with hands lifted up in the air. (1 Tim 2:8) My question is: If Jesus was a Muslim, why would he instruct his disciples to pray standing up? And when it says Jesus fell on his face and prayed, how do you know he was not fully prostrate?
Muslims claim that Muhammad always worshipped Allah in a 100% correct way, without the need for any restoral. My question is: If this is true, then why did Muhammad pray towards Jerusalem for the first 5 years of his prophethood, and later redirected his prays towards Mecca? And did Jesus pray towards Mecca 5 times a towards Jerusalem or Mecca?
The Bible defines a miracle as something that defies the laws of nature. Muslims claim the Koran is a miracle merely because it was allegedly transmitted perfectly without alteration and flaw till the second coming. Since the Harry Potter books will certainly be transmitted perfectly without alteration or flaw, and be around until the second coming, my question is: does this make the Harry Potter books a miracle like the Koran?
Muslims claim that in Isa 42:1 Muhammad fulfilled the expression "bring forth justice to the nations" indicating that the immoral pagan Arabs before Muhammad’s time were reformed into a just moral society. My question is: Even though you believe the New Testament is corrupt, had the Immoral Pagan Arabs all become Christians and followed the moral standards revealed in the corrupted New Testament, would they not have also transformed into a just moral society? If no why not? And how is the moral standard in the Koran superior to the moral standard of the Bible?
Muslims claim that the Angel Gabriel is the Holy Spirit who came upon Mary and caused her to conceive based upon Luke 1:26:38. My question is: If this is true, then why did Gabriel say to Mary in verse 35, "the power of the Holy Spirit will come upon you" rather than "my power will come upon you"?
Muslims quote Luke 22:43 as proof that when Jesus cried out to God not to be crucified, that an angel came and saved him from crucifixion. However the next verses says that Jesus was arrested by the mob for crucifixion. My Question is: on what basis do you accept the first passage as uncorrupted scripture, but reject the next verse as corrupted scripture?
Muslims claim it was medically impossible for blood and water to come out of Jesus when his side was pierced with spear because all the blood in Jesus body would have been clotted. The universal opinion of forensic scientists say that blood takes days to clot. My question is: Is this another example of where you reject all known science simply because Islam says this?
Muslims quote liberal agnostic Bible trashes who claim that the four gospels were copied from a lost original gospel known as the "Q document". This is a mythological document invented by these skeptics who reject Christianity, because they simply cannot accept the Bible is a book inspired from God. My question is: are you aware that the "Q Document" is a purely theoretical document that has never been found and is a complete fabrication and invention of the mind? And what is the value of quoting those who reject Christianity and Islam equally?
Muslims claim that the heading at the beginning of the four gospels "Gospel according to John", for example indicated the words came from John alone and prove the Bible to be a book of human authorship? In fact, that this text, like chapter and verse numbers, was added much later and are not part of the Bible? My question is: where did you learn that this text was part of the Bible?
Muslims state that they believe that the Bible is a book filled with pornography, and quoted Gen 19:32 where Lot made his two daughters pregnant. My Question is: Do you feel that the Bible should be removed from every library in Canada? And are you comfortable with the fact that your prophet Muhammad married a six year old child, when he was 55 years old? Do you think this is a good story to tell children?
Muslims teach Muhammad was sinless. However the Koran specifically limits the number of wives a Muslim man can marry to 4. Yet Muhammad married at least 12 women. My question is: Is Muhammad above the very law he gave in the Koran and isn’t the definition of sin violating the law of God?
Muslims quote George Bernard Shaw who said, "The Bible is the most dangerous book in the world, keep it lock and keyed." My question is: What value is there for you to quote an atheist like Shaw who also said: "There is not one single established religion that an intelligent, educated man can believe." (George Bernard Shaw quoted in "2000 Years of Disbelief, Famous People with the Courage to Doubt", by James A. Haught, Prometheus Books, 1996) Shaw also said: "The fact that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to the point than the fact that a drunken man is happier than a sober one. The happiness of credulity is a cheap and dangerous quality. (George Bernard Shaw, Androcles and the Lion, Preface, 1916)
To prove the Bible text is corrupted, Muslims quote a newspaper article in the "Daily News" of Durban South Africa, Tues. May 22, 1990, where you claimed the Church of Scotland had deleted the virgin birth from the Bible. The article actually said that the church of Scotland had merely deleted the teaching from their local church creed and statement of faith. My question is: Would you please explain how a church deleting the virgin birth from their church doctrine books, in any way proves the Bible is corrupted?
Muslims quote Isa 42 as a prophecy of Muhammad and say that Christians teach it is a prophecy of the Holy Spirit. (In fact Christians apply the text to Christ.) You also said that Isa 42 can only be fulfilled by Muhammad because Jesus is never called "my servant". My question is: why did Matthew quote Isa 42 and apply the whole text to Jesus in Matthew 12:18?
Muslims claim that the prophecy of the coming prophet in Deut 18:18 cannot be fulfilled by Jesus but could be fulfilled by Muhammad because the text says the prophet must arise from among their own brethren. Muslims say that if a Hebrew was intended, that the Bible would have said, "from among yourselves" rather than the expression "from among their own brethren". Hence Muslims claim the expression, "from among their own brethren" excludes all Hebrews and specifically Jesus. My question is: Since Deut 17:15 uses exactly the same expression, when it said, "you shall surely set a king over you whom the Lord your God chooses, one from among your own brethren" why did God appoint Saul and David as King and not an Ishmaelite? And in Deut 18:2 it says, "The Levites shall have no inheritance from among their brethren." Did the Ishmaelites share the inheritance of the promised land of Palestine with the Hebrews?
The Koran says in 4:157, that God causes someone who looked like Jesus to die on the cross in his place, therefore tricking the apostles of Christ into thinking he was crucified. Apostle John wrote in1 John 1:1 concerning the crucifixion: "What we have heard, what we have seen with our eyes, what we have looked at and touched with our hands, concerning the Word of Life". My question is: Was not John accurately reporting the things he actually saw, things that Allah made appear to happen?
Muslims claim that the New Testament story of Jesus dying on the cross is a corruption of the truth and that Allah made it appear that Jesus died on the cross, as per Q4:157. My question is: How can Muslims claim that they believe any of the New Testament was originally revealed by God, since the corruption must have begun at the cross.
Muslims believe that the whole concept of blood atonement is an invention of the Christian church. My question is: What were the Jews doing since 1500 BC on the "day of atonement".
Muslims reject the gospel story of Jesus being a substitute for our sins, the just for the unjust. They use the illustration of a man having to pay for a speeding ticket he did not commit. My question is: How do you explain that in the Muslim view of the cross, someone completely innocent died in Jesus place, after God made him appear to be Jesus? Was not this a Substitutionary sacrifice?
Written by Brother Andrew
The 45 Bonus Questions for Muslims:
by Robert Morey
The outline below contains the very answers to the very questions Muhammad did not want his followers to know, namely that Islam is a sanitized version of ancient polytheistic moon worship which he invented to exercise military control.
Does the Qur’an define the word "Allah"? No.
Was the name "Allah" revealed for the first time in the Qur’an? No
Does the Qur’an assume that its readers have already heard of "Allah"? Yes
Should we look into pre-Islamic Arabian history to see who "Allah" was before Muhammad? Yes.
According to Muslim tradition, was Muhammad born into a Christian family and tribe? No
Was he born into a Jewish family or tribe? No
What religion was his family and tribe? Pagans
What was the name of his pagan father? Abdullah (Abd + Allah)
Did Muhammad participate in the pagan ceremonies of Mecca? Yes
Did the Arabs in pre-Islamic times worship 360 gods? Yes
Did the pagans Arabs worship the sun, moon and the stars? Yes
Did the Arabs built temples to the Moon-god? Yes
Did different Arab tribes give the Moon-god different names/titles? Yes
What were some of the names/titles? Sin, Hubul, Ilumquh, Al-ilah.
Was the title "al-ilah" (the god) used of the Moon-god? Yes
Was the word "Allah" derived from "al-ilah?" Yes
Was the pagan "Allah" a high god in a pantheon of deities? Yes.
Was he worshipped at the Kabah? Yes.
Was Allah only one of many Meccan gods? Yes
Did they place a statue of Hubul on top of the Kabah? Yes.
At that time was Hubul considered the Moon-god? Yes.
Was the Kabah thus the "house of the Moon-god"? Yes.
Did the name "Allah" eventually replace that of Hubul as the name of the Moon god? Yes.
Did they call the Kabah the "house of Allah"? Yes
Did the pagans develop religious rites in connection with the worship of their gods? Yes.
Did the pagans practice the Pilgrimage, the Fast of Ramadan, running around the Kabah seven times, kissing the black stone, shaving the head, animal sacrifices, running up and down two hills, throwing stones at the devil, snorting water in and out the nose, praying several times a day toward Mecca, giving alms, Friday prayers, etc.? Yes.
Did Muhammad command his followers to participate in these pagan ceremonies while the pagans were still in control of Mecca? Yes (Yusuf Ali, fn. 214, pg. 78).
Did Islam go on to adopt these pagan religious rites? Yes. (Yusuf Ali: fn. 223 pg. 80).
Were al-Lat, al-Uzza and Manat called "the daughters of Allah"? Yes.
Did the Qur’an at one point tell Muslims to worship al-Lat, al-Uzza and Manat? Yes. In Surah 53:19-20.
Have those verses been "abrogated" out of the present Qur’an? Yes.
What were they called? "The Satanic Verses." Yes.
Was the crescent moon an ancient pagan symbol of the Moon-god throughout the ancient world? Yes.
Was it the religious symbol of the Moon-god in Arabia? Yes
Were stars also used as pagan symbols of the daughers of Allah? Yes
Did the Jews or the Christians of Arabia use the crescent moon with several stars next to it as symbols of their faith? No
Did Islam adopt the pagan crescent moon and stars as it religious symbol? Yes.
As Islam developed over the centuries, did it adopt pagan names, pagan ceremonies, pagan temples and pagan symbols? Yes
Is it possible that most Muslims do not know the pagan sources of the symbols and rites of their own religion? Yes.
Are they shocked to find out the true sources of their ceremonies and stories? Yes
Can Islam be the religion of Abraham if it is derived from paganism? No
What then is Islam? A modern version of one of the ancient fertility cults.
Is the "Allah" of the Qur’an, the Christian God of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit? No
Do the Jews say that the Muslim "Allah" is their God too? No
Then whose god is Allah? Paganism
Allah's Daughters:The defrocked super goddesses of the 6th century AD!
Historical notes:
It is an undeniable fact of history that before Muhammed was born, the moon god "al-Ilah" (Allah) had three daughters named al-Lat, al-Uzza and Manat. The first two were even named after their father. Each daughter had a separate shrine near Mecca, where Allah's shrine was located.
As Muhammad grew weary from evangelizing his new religion with little success, he was tricked by the devil into adding a verse in the Koran that commanded Muslims to pray to Allah's three pagan daughters Lat, Uzza and Manat. The pagan female trinity was immediately accepted without dissent and the passage was considered part of the revealed Koran. However some time later, Muhammad got a revelation from God that the verse should be removed. After repenting of the error, Muhammad was comforted by God.
Such "after the fact corrective revelations" are very common with cults. Joseph Smith, founder of the Mormons also received an "after the fact corrective revelation" from God retracted the previous "divine command" allowing polygamy.
The historical information confirming the "Satanic verses" is so vast and sure, only the desperate blind would deny the evidence. Undeniably factual information regarding the Satanic verses comes from respected Muslim scholars like at-Tabari and Ibn Sa’d who wrote biographical and historical accounts of the life of Muhammad.
Yet some Muslims actually reject the whole "daughter-gate" story as untrue. These are an extremist minority, you know, the ones who don't believe youth should be taught history or science, but spend 8 hours a day memorizing the Koran. Yet all Muslims are trained to habitually disregard factual world history when it conflicts with the Koran. Take the fact of Christ's crucifixion. Even the Jews agree he was crucified, but the Koran says it was a case of mistaken identity. So Muslims reject the universal record of history and the Bible, but believe the Koran is true. Amazingly, some Islamic apologists actually deny "daughter-gate" ever happened. Yet their only argument is, "The Koran says it cannot be tampered with and that Satan cannot interfere with the revelation process." So, these extremists must either admit that the final prophet revealed a Koranic passage whose origin was Satan, or simply rewrite their own history and deny the whole "daughter-gate" scandal itself.
Exactly what are the Satanic verses:
Here is how the Koran once read with the satanic verses:
Here is how it reads today in the Koran:
Near it is the Garden of Abode. Behold, the Lote-tree was shrouded (in mystery unspeakable!) (His) sight never swerved, nor did it go wrong! For truly did he see, of the Signs of his Lord, the Greatest! Have ye seen Lat. and 'Uzza, And another, the third (goddess), Manat?
Near it is the Garden of Abode. Behold, the Lote-tree was shrouded (in mystery unspeakable!) (His) sight never swerved, nor did it go wrong! For truly did he see, of the Signs of his Lord, the Greatest! Have ye seen Lat. and 'Uzza, And another, the third (goddess), Manat?
These are the exalted cranes (intermediaries) Whose intercession is to be hoped for.
[Words of Satan Deleted]
What! for you the male sex, and for Him, the female? Behold, such would be indeed a division most unfair! (an-Najm 53:19-22)
What! for you the male sex, and for Him, the female? Behold, such would be indeed a division most unfair! (an-Najm 53:19-22)

Here two passages in the Koran that comment on Muhammad's "daughters-gate" scandal:
Like King David of the Bible admonishing himself of his own adultery in Psalms 51, Muhammad discusses the "Satanic verses"
"And their purpose was to tempt thee away from that which We had revealed unto thee, to substitute in our name something quite different; (in that case), behold! they would certainly have made thee (their) friend! And had We not given thee strength, thou wouldst nearly have inclined to them a little. In that case We should have made thee taste an equal portion (of punishment) in this life, and an equal portion in death: and moreover thou wouldst have found none to help thee against Us!" (Koran 17:73-75)
"Never sent We a messenger or a prophet before thee but when He recited (the message) Satan proposed (opposition) in respect of that which he recited thereof. But Allah abolisheth that which Satan proposeth. Then Allah establisheth His revelations. Allah is Knower, Wise; That He may make that which the devil proposeth a temptation for those in whose hearts is a disease, and those whose hearts are hardened - Lo! the evil-doers are in open schism" (Koran 22:52-53)
What scholars say about Allah's Daughters:
Al-'Uzza, al-Lat and Manah, the three daughters of Allah, had their sanctuaries in the land which later became the cradle of Islam. In a weak moment the monotheistic Muhammad was tempted to recognize these powerful deities of Makkah and al-Madinah and make a compromise in their favour, but afterwards he retracted and the revelation is said to have received the form now found in surah 53:19-20. Later theologians explained the case according to the principle of nasikh and mansukh, abrogating and abrogated verses, by means of which God revokes and alters the announcements of His will; this results in the cancellation of a verse and the substitution of another for it (Koran 2 :100). (History Of The Arabs, Philip K. Hitti, 1937, p 96-101)
Allat, according to recent study of the complicated inspirational evidence, is believed to have been introduced into Arabia from Syria, and to have been the moon goddess of North Arabia. If this is the correct interpretation of her character, she corresponded to the moon deity of South Arabia, Almaqah, `Vadd, `Amm or Sin as he was called, the difference being only the oppositeness of gender. Mount Sinai (the name being an Arabic feminine form of Sin) would then have been one of the centers of the worship of this northern moon goddess. Similarly, al-`Uzza is supposed to have come from Sinai, and to have been the goddess of the planet Venus. As the moon and the evening star are associated in the heavens, so too were Allat and al-`Uzza together in religious belief, and so too are the crescent and star conjoined on the flags of Arab countries today. (The Archeology Of World Religions, Jack Finegan, 1952, p482-485, 492)
Prior to the rise of Islam, these three goddesses were associated with Allah as his daughters and all were worshiped at Mecca and other places in the vicinity. (The Archeology Of World Religions, Jack Finegan, 1952, p482-485, 492)
The Aus and Khazraj tribes of Medina were the most prominent worshipers of Manat, while the Quraish of Mecca paid much reverence to Allat and al-`Uzza, most of all to the latter. The Quraish were the tribe to which Muhammad belonged, and Ibn al-Kalbi states that before the prophet began to preach his own message he himself once offered a white sheep to al-`Uzza. Such was the "paganism" in which Muhammad was reared and which he later came to believe it was his mission to dispel. (The Archeology Of World Religions, Jack Finegan, 1952, p482-485, 492)
The same three goddesses appear -and then disappear-in an extremely curious and much-discussed place in Sura 53 of the Quran. The exact context is unknown, but Muhammad was still at Mecca and was apparently feeling the pressures of the Quraysh resistance to his message: "When the Messenger of God saw how his tribe turned their backs on him and was grieved to see them shunning the message he had brought to them from God, he longed in his soul that something would come to him from God that would reconcile him with his tribe. With his love for his tribe and his eagerness for their welfare, it would have delighted him if some of the difficulties which they made for him could have been smoothed, and he debated with himself and fervently desired such an outcome. Then God revealed (Sura 53) ... and when he came to the words "Have you thought al-Lat and al-Uzza and Manat, the third, the other?" (VV. 19-20) Satan cast on his tongue, because of his inner debates and what he desired to bring to his people, the words: "These are the high-flying cranes; verily their intercession is to be hoped for." When the Quraysh heard this, they rejoiced and were happy and delighted at the way in which he had spoken of their gods, and they listened to him, while the Muslims, having complete trust in their Prophet with respect of the message which he brought from God, did not suspect him of error, illusion or mistake. When he came to the prostration, having completed the Sura, he prostrated himself and the Muslims did likewise.... The polytheists of the Quraysh and others who were in the mosque [that is, the Meccan Haram] likewise prostrated themselves because of the reference to their gods which they heard, so that there was no one in the mosque, believer or unbeliever, who did not prostrate himself ... Then they all dispersed from the mosque. The Quraysh left delighted at the mention of their gods." (Tabari, Annals 1.1192-1193 = Tabari vi: 108-109) This is the indubitably authentic story-it is difficult to imagine a Muslim inventing such a tale--of the notorious "Satanic verses." (The Hajj, F. E. Peters, p 3-41, 1994)
And what precisely are we to understand by "exalted cranes"? The Muslim authorities were uncertain about the meaning of gharaniq, as are we. 65 But what they did know was that this was the refrain that the Quraysh used to chant as they circumambulated the Ka'ba: "Al-Lat, and al-Uzza and Manat, the third, the other; indeed these are exalted (or lofty, ‘ula) gharaniq; let us hope for their intercession." (The Hajj, F. E. Peters, p 3-41, 1994)
Even though their principal shrines lay north and east of Mecca, al-Lat, al-Uzza, and Manat were all worshiped by the Quraysh of Mecca, and at least al-Uzza numbered no less than Muhammad himself among her worshipers. (The Hajj, F. E. Peters, p 3-41, 1994)
However, in my opinion it is unthinkable that the men of the later tradition, who regarded Mohammed in every respect as a perfect example for the faithful, would have deliberately invented a story so seriously compromising their Prophet. We must therefore assume, as the historical kernel of the tradition, that Sura 53.19ff. once embodied a different wording, implying acceptance of the pagan conception of the gods, an implication which Mohammed subsequently felt to be incompatible with belief in the one God. In style and rhythm the two Satanic lines fit admirably into the original Sura, which is amongst the earliest revelations, so that it is impossible that they should have been added as late as the Abyssinian emigration. Mohammed often made additions to the older Suras, and in such cases he always employed the formal style which dominates every revelation, so that the added lines always stand out clearly from the original. Moreover, in the original version the Sura probably contained a polemic against paganism. Mohammed objected to the expression, 'Daughters of Allah,' Which his countrymen applied to the three goddesses, and declared that it was wrong to think of God as having daughters. However, he did not intend to deny that the goddesses were high heavenly beings who could make intercession to God. Such a position is really not unthinkable in the earliest period of the Prophet's career. He merely attributed to the heavenly intercessors the same position which the angels occupied in the popular religion of the Eastern Christian churches. Undoubtedly there existed at that time an actual angel cult. (Mohammed: The man and his faith, Tor Andrae, 1936, Translated by Theophil Menzel, 1960, p13-30)
And in Arabian paganism, as we shall see later, the idea of subordinate divine beings acting as mediators and intercessors is not at all unthinkable. That Mohammed actually once thought of the three goddesses as interceding angels is shown by his later addition to the aforementioned Sura 53.26-29: 'And many as are the angels in the Heavens, their intercession shall be of no avail until God hath permitted it to whomsoever He shall please, and whom He will accept. Verily it is they who believe not in the life to come, who name the angels with names of females: But herein they have no knowledge: they follow a mere conceit; and mere conceit can never take the place of acceptance of truth.' Here Mohammed implies that the goddesses are in reality angels, to whom the pagans in their ignorance have given feminine names (comp. 37, 149-50: 43.18). Albeit with strict reservations, the right of the angels to make intercession is here recognized. (Mohammed: The man and his faith, Tor Andrae, 1936, Translated by Theophil Menzel, 1960, p13-30)
Thus, some interpreter of the Koran who belonged to an older generation tried to explain the tradition concerning the original wording of the 53rd Sura to a later type of piety which found it obnoxious. He found the explanation in two passages of the Koran. The first was Sura 17, 75-6: 'And, verily, they had well-nigh beguiled thee from what we revealed to thee, and caused thee to invent some other thing in our name: but in that case they would surely have taken thee as a friend; And had we not confirmed thee, thou hadst well-nigh leaned to them a little.' The context shows that these words refer to a political intrigue by means of which the Quraish had hoped to drive Mohammed out of his native city (verse 78). The other passage was Sura 22, Si, where we read, amongst other things: 'We have not sent any apostle or prophet before thee, amongst whose desires Satan hath injected not some wrong desire, but Allah shall bring to nought that which Satan hath suggested. (Mohammed: The man and his faith, Tor Andrae, 1936, Translated by Theophil Menzel, 1960, p13-30)
"As well as worshipping idols and spirits, found in animals, plants, rocks and water, the ancient Arabs believed in several major gods and goddesses whom they considered to hold supreme power over all things. The most famous of these were Al-Lat, Al-Uzza, Manat and Hubal. The first three were thought to be the daughters of Allah (God) and their intercessions on behalf of their worshippers were therefore of great significance. Hubal was associated with the Semitic god Ba’l and with Adonis or Tammuz, the gods of spring, fertility, agriculture and plenty. (Fabled Cities, Princes & Jin from Arab Myths and Legends, Khairt al-Saeh, 1985, p. 28-30.)
"The Quran (22.52/I) implies that on at least one occasion ‘Satan had interposed’ something in the revelation Muhammad received, and this probably refers to the incident to be described. The story is that, while Muhammad was hoping for some accommodation with the great merchants, he received a revelation mentioning the goddesses al-Lat, al-Uzza, and Manat (53.19), 20 as now found), but continuing with other two (or three) verses sanctioning intercession to these deities. At some later date Muhammad received a further revelation abrogating the latter verses, but retaining the names of the goddesses, and saying it was unfair that God should have only daughters while human beings had sons." (The Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. I, ed. P.M. Holt, 1970, p 37)
Since the Arabs used words expressing kinship to denote abstract relationships, the banat Allah may be no more than 'divine beings' or 'beings with some divine qualities. (Muhammad's Mecca, W. Montgomery Watt, Chapter 3: Religion In Pre-Islamic Arabia, p26-45)
"19 - 30/1 The pagan goddesses: 19,2o El-Lat ... El-'Uzza ... Manat: these goddesses were specially connected with three shrines in the neighbourhood of Mecca, namely at at-Ta’if, Nakhla (on the road to at-Ta'if, and at a place on the road to Medina. The story is that when these verses were first recited, Muhammad was anxious to win over the pagan Meccans, and failed to notice when Satan introduced two (or three) further verses permitting intercession at these shrines. This story could hardly have been invented, and gains support from sura 22, v. 52/1 (see comment). At length Muhammad realized the substitution, and received the continuing revelation as it now is in the Qur'an." (Companion to the Qur’an, W. Montgomery Watt, p 244)
AI-Lat, AI-‘Uzza, and Manat. Among the Qur’an's references to its 7 th-century pagan milieu are three goddesses, called daughters of Allah: AI-Lat, AI-‘Uzza, and Manat; these are also known from earlier inscriptions in northern Arabia. Al-Lat ("the Goddess") may have had a role subordinate to that of El (Ilah), as "daughter" rather than consort (Britannica, Arabian Religions, p1057, 1979)
"Astral and tutelary goddess. Pre-Islamic northern and central Arabian. One of the three daughters of Allah." (Encyclopedia of Gods, Michael Jordan, Allat, p 12)
"Manat: Goddess. Pre-Islamic... One of the so-called daughters of Allah." (Encyclopedia of Gods, Michael Jordan, Manat, p 156)
Was Muhammad ready to compromise his monotheistic message to attract more converts? Was the Qu'ran even momentarily tainted by the influence of absolute evil? In context, we can see that, as Rodinson and Watt have both argued, the story does not present Muhammad as a cynical impostor. (Muhammad: A Western Attempt to Understand Islam, Karen Armstrong, Chapter 6: the Satanic verses, p 108-133, 1991)
The story, as it appears in the histories of Ibn Sa'd and Tabari, says that on one occasion Satan interfered with Muhammad's reception of the divine Word. While Sura 53 was being revealed, this tradition has it, Muhammad felt inspired to utter two verses which declared that the three goddesses al-Lat, al-Uzza and Manat could be revered as intermediaries between God and man. But since the Quraysh considered the banat Allah divine beings, they wrongly believed that the Qu'ran had placed them on the same level as God Himself. Thinking that Muhammad had accepted their goddesses as having equal status to Allah, the pagan Qu'raysh bowed down to make the salat with the Muslims and the bitter dispute seemed at an end. Because the Qu'ran appeared to have endorsed the piety of their fathers and to have abandoned its monotheistic message, they no longer saw Islam as a sacrilegious threat that could bring a catastrophe on the people of Mecca. The story goes on, however, that Muhammad later received another revelation which indicated that his apparent acceptance of the cult of the banat Allah had been inspired by 'Satan'. Consequently, the two verses were expunged from the Qu'ran and replaced by others which declared that the three goddesses were figments of the Arabs' imagination and deserved no worship at all. (Muhammad: A Western Attempt to Understand Islam, Karen Armstrong, Chapter 6: the Satanic verses, p 108-133, 1991)
Surely any genuine prophet would be able to distinguish between a divine and a satanic inspiration? Would a man of God tamper with his revelation merely to attract more converts? Recently, however, scholars like Maxime Rodinson and W. Montgomery Watt have attempted to show that even as the story stands it does not necessarily bear such a negative interpretation. Nevertheless, the incident remained far more important in the Western than in the Islamic world; at least until 1988. (Muhammad: A Western Attempt to Understand Islam, Karen Armstrong, Chapter 6: the Satanic verses, p 108-133, 1991)
The other gods mentioned in the Quran are all female deities: Al-Lat, al-Uzza, and Manat, which represented the Sun, the planet Venus, and Fortune, respectively; at Mecca they were regarded as the daughters of Allah... As Allah meant ‘the god’, so Al-Lat means ‘the goddess’." (Islam, Alfred Guilaume, 1956 p 6-7)
"In pre-Islamic days, called the Days of Ignorance, the religious background of the Arabs was pagan, and basically animistic. Through wells, trees, stones, caves, springs, and other natural objects man could make contact with the deity... At Mekka, Allah was the chief of the gods and the special deity of the Quraish, the prophet’s tribe. Allah had three daughters: Al Uzzah (Venus) most revered of all and pleased with human sacrifice; Manah, the goddess of destiny, and Al Lat, the goddess of vegetable life. " (Meet the Arab, John Van Ess, 1943, p. 29)
"Ali-ilah; the god; the supreme; the all-powerful; all-knowing; and totally unknowable; the predeterminer of everyone’s life destiny; chief of the gods; the special deity of the Quraish; having three daughters: Al Uzzah (Venus), Manah (Destiny), and Alat; having the idol temple at Mecca under his name (House of Allah).; the mate of Alat, the goddess of fate. (Is Allah The Same God As The God Of The Bible?, M. J. Afshari, p 6, 8-9)
"It is certain that they regarded particular deities (mentioned in 1iii. 19-20 are al-‘Uzza, Manat or Manah, al-Lat; some have interpreted vii, 179 as a reference to a perversion of Allah to Allat) as daughters of Allah (vi. 100; xvi, 59; xxxvii, 149; 1iii, 21); they also asserted that he had sons (vi. 100) (First Encyclopedia of Islam, E.J. Brill, 1987, p. 302)
"The Quraysh tribe into which Mohammad was born was particularly devoted to Allah, the moon god, and especially to Allah's three daughters who were viewed as intercessors between the people and Allah." ... "The worship of the three goddesses, Al-Lat, Al-Uzza, and Manat, played a significant role in the worship at the Kabah in Mecca. The first two daughters of Allah had names which were feminine forms of Allah." (The Islamic Invasion, Robert Morey, 1977, p 51)
"This was especially true of Allah, 'the God, the Divinity', the personification of the divine world in its highest form, creator of the universe and keeper of sworn oaths. In the Hejaz three goddesses had pride of place as the 'daughters of Allah'. The first of these was Allat, mentioned by Herodotus under the name of Alilat. Her name means simply 'the goddess', and she may have stood for one aspect of Venus, the morning star, although hellenized Arabs identified her with Athene. Next came Uzza, 'the all-powerful', whom other sources identify with Venus. The third was Manat, the goddess of fate, who held the shears which cut the thread of life and who was worshipped in a shrine on the sea-shore. (Muhammad, Maxime Rodinson, p 16-17.)
"According to this version of the story, the Quraysh were delighted with the new revelation, which in al-Kalbi's words was the traditional invocation made by the Qura'sh to the goddesses as they circumambulated the Ka'aba (Faris 17). The gharaniq were probably Numidian cranes which were thought to fly higher than any other bird. Muhammad, may have believed in the existence of the banat - al-Llah as he believed in the existence of angels and jinn, was giving the 'goddesses' a delicate compliment, without compromising his message. ... The Quraysh spread the good news throughout the city: 'Muhammad has spoken of our gods in splendid fashion. He alleged in what he recited that they are the exalted gharaniq whose intercession is approved" (Muhammad: A Western Attempt to Understand Islam, Karen Armstrong, Chapter 6: the Satanic verses, p 108-133, 1991)